Situations:

1. In a small lake, 25% of the fish are female. You capture a fish, record whether it is male or female, and toss the fish back into the lake. If you repeat this process 5 times, what is the probability that at least 3 of the 5 fish are female?

2. Elena makes about 80% of her free throws. Based on her past successes with free throws, what is the probability that she will make exactly 4 out of 5 free throws in her next basketball game?

3. On a game show, a contestant must pick one of three doors. In the first round, the winning door has a vacation. In the second round, the winning door has a car. What is the probability of winning a vacation and a car?

4. Your choir is singing in 4 concerts. You and one of your classmates both learned the solo. Before each concert, there is an equal chance the choir director will select you or the other student to sing the solo. What is the probability that you will be selected to sing the solo in exactly 3 of the 4 concerts?

Simulations:

1. Toss a standard number cube 2 times and record the outcomes. To estimate the probability, repeat this process many times and find the proportion of the simulations in which a 1 or 2 appears both times.

2. Make a spinner with four equal sections labeled 1, 2, 3, and 4. To estimate the probability, spin the spinner 5 times and record the outcomes. Repeat this process many times and find the proportion of the simulations in which a 4 appears 3 or more times.

3. Toss a fair coin 4 times and record the outcomes. To estimate the probability, repeat this process many times, and find the proportion of the simulations in which exactly 3 heads appear.

4. Place 8 blue chips and 2 red chips in a bag. Shake the bag, select a chip, record its color, and then return the chip to the bag. Repeat the process 4 more times to obtain a simulated outcome. To estimate the probability, repeat this process many times and find the proportion of the simulations in which exactly 4 blues are selected.