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Arrange students in groups of 4. Select one student from each group to submit the data from the group when they finish recording their data. Prepare a table for all to see that is large enough to include the data from all of the students in the class.
Tell students that the same data is treated as both numerical and categorical data at different times within this activity. This is sometimes done when there is a threshold that makes sense for the context. In this case, it makes sense to look at data for which the second time is greater or less than the first time. Although the actual values may be lost when viewing the data as categorical, it can provide a different type of insight. In this example, we can more easily see if there was an improvement in reaction time for the second attempt.
In this activity, you’ll get 2 chances to guess at how long 30 seconds is, then look for an association between the 2 guesses of all students.
Record the group data in this table. When you finish, a group member should give the data to the teacher.
| name | time 1 | time 2 |
|---|---|---|
Make a scatter plot of the entire class’s data and look for patterns. Identify any outliers and the type of any association you observe.
Draw 2 lines on your scatter plot: a vertical line and a horizontal line, each representing 30 seconds for one trial. Use the table for the class’s data to complete this two-way table.
| time 2 < 30 sec | time 2 = 30 sec | time 2 > 30 sec | total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| time 1 < 30 sec | ||||
| time 1 = 30 sec | ||||
| time 1 > 30 sec | ||||
| total |
Use the two-way table to decide whether there is an association between Time 1 and Time 2. Explain how you know.
The purpose of the discussion is to solidify understanding of the strategies and tools from the unit. Specifically, how to organize and analyze categorical data to determine if there is an association between two variables.
Some questions for discussion: