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Let the function \(P\) be defined by \(P(x) = x^3 + 7x^2 - 26x - 72\) where \((x+9)\) is a factor. To rewrite the function as the product of two factors, long division was used but an error was made:
\(\displaystyle \require{enclose} \begin{array}{r} x^2+16x+118\phantom{000} \\ x+9 \enclose{longdiv}{x^3+7x^2-26x-72} \phantom{000}\\ \underline{-x^3+9x^2} \phantom{-26x-720000} \\ 16x^2-26x \phantom{-720000}\\ \underline{-16x^2+144x} \phantom{-20000} \\ 118x-72 \phantom{00} \\ \underline{-118x+1062} \\ 990 \end{array}\)
How can we tell by looking at the remainder that an error was made somewhere?