In this unit, students interpret and represent data on scaled picture graphs and scaled bar graphs. Then they learn the concept of multiplication.

This is the first of four units that focus on multiplication. In this unit, students explore scaled picture graphs and bar graphs as an entry point for learning about equal-size groups and multiplication.

In grade 2, students analyzed picture graphs in which one picture represented one object and bar graphs that were scaled by single units. Here, students encounter picture graphs in which each picture represents more than one object and bar graphs that are scaled by 2, 5, or 10 units. The idea that one picture can represent multiple objects helps to introduce the idea of equal-size groups.

Students learn that multiplication can mean finding the total number of objects in groups of objects each, and can be represented by . They then relate the idea of equal groups and the expression to the rows and columns of an array. In working with arrays, students begin to notice the commutative property of multiplication.

In all cases, students make sense of the meaning of multiplication expressions before finding their value and before writing equations that relate two factors and a product.

Later in the unit, students see situations in which the total number of objects is known but either the number of groups or the size of each group is not known. Problems with a missing factor offer students a preview to division.

Throughout the unit, students should have access to connecting cubes or counters, as they may choose to use such tools to represent and solve problems.