Unit 2, Lesson 10
Introducing Graphs of Proportional Relationships
Grade 7
Student Lesson Summary
One way to represent a proportional relationship is with a graph. Here is a graph that represents different amounts that fit the situation, “Blueberries cost \$6 per pound.”
Line graph. Weight in pounds. Cost in dollars. Horizontal axis, 0 to 5, by 1's. Vertical Axis, 0 to 40, by 10's. Line begins at origin, trends upward and right, passes through 1 comma 6, 2 comma 12, 3 comma 18, 4 point 5 comma 27.
Different points on the graph tell us, for example, that 2 pounds of blueberries cost \$12, and 4.5 pounds of blueberries cost \$27.
Sometimes it makes sense to connect the points with a line, and sometimes it doesn’t. For example, we could buy 4.5 pounds of blueberries or 1.875 pounds, or any other part of a whole pound. So all the points between the whole numbers make sense in the situation, and any point on the line is meaningful.
If the graph represented the cost for different numbers of sandwiches (instead of pounds of blueberries), it might not make sense to connect the points with a line, because it is often not possible to buy 4.5 sandwiches or 1.875 sandwiches. Even if only points make sense in the situation, though, sometimes we connect them with a line anyway to make the relationship easier to see.
Graphs that represent proportional relationships all have a few things in common:
- Points that satisfy the relationship lie on a straight line.
- The line that they lie on passes through the origin, .
Here are some graphs that do not represent proportional relationships:
Graph of a non-proportional relationship, x y plane, origin O. Horizontal axis scale 0 to 7 by 1’s. Vertical axis scale 0 to 6 by 1’s. There are points at: (0 comma 0), (1 comma 1), (2 comma 3), (3 comma 4), (4 comma 4 point 5), (5 comma 5), (6 comma 5 point 1), and (7 comma 5 point 2).
These points do not lie on a line.
Line graph. Horizontal axis, 0 to 7, by 1's. Vertical Axis, 0 to 6, by 1's. Line begins on y axis at 0 comma 2, trends upward and right, passes through 2 comma 3, 4 comma 4, 6 comma 5.
This is a line, but it doesn’t go through the origin.
The origin is the point in the coordinate plane. This is where the horizontal axis and the vertical axis cross. The origin is sometimes marked with the symbol .