The purpose of this Warm-up is to elicit observations about fractions in tenths and in hundredths, and about equivalence, which will be useful when students find sums of tenths and hundredths later in the lesson. While students may notice and wonder many things about these diagrams, focus the discussion on the relationship between tenths and hundredths and how we might express equivalent amounts.
Launch
Groups of 2
Display the diagrams.
“¿Qué observan? ¿Qué se preguntan?” // “What do you notice? What do you wonder?”
1 minute: quiet think time
Activity
“Discutan con su compañero lo que pensaron” // “Discuss your thinking with your partner.”
1 minute: partner discussion
Record responses.
Cada cuadrado grande representa 1.
¿Qué observas? ¿Qué te preguntas?
A
B
Student Response
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Advancing Student Thinking
Activity Synthesis
“¿Qué fracción representa cada parte en el primer diagrama?” // “What fraction does each part in the first diagram represent?” (One-tenth or ) “¿Y en el segundo diagrama?” // “What about in the second diagram?” (One-hundredth or )
“¿Pueden ver décimos en ambos diagramas? ¿Dónde?” // “Can you see tenths in both diagrams? Where?” (Yes. Each rectangle in A is a tenth. Each group of small squares in B is a tenth.)
“¿Pueden ver centésimos en ambos diagramas? ¿Dónde?” // “Can you see hundredths in both diagrams? Where?” (No, only in B. Each square is a hundredth.)
“¿Piensan que las partes sombreadas de los dos diagramas representan la misma fracción o fracciones distintas? ¿Cuál o cuáles fracciones?” // “Do you think the shaded parts of the two diagrams represent the same fraction or different fractions? Which fraction(s)?” (The same fraction, . Different fractions: The second square represents , but I'm not sure about the first square.)
Activity 1
Standards Alignment
Building On
4.NF.A.1
Explain why a fraction is equivalent to a fraction by using visual fraction models, with attention to how the number and size of the parts differ even though the two fractions themselves are the same size. Use this principle to recognize and generate equivalent fractions.
In this activity, students refresh what they know about equivalent fractions in tenths and hundredths. Students are given fractions in tenths and write equivalent fractions in hundredths, and vice versa. In one case, they encounter a fraction in hundredths that cannot be written as tenths and consider why this might be. The work here reminds students of the relative sizes of tenths and hundredths, and prepares students to add such fractions in upcoming activities.
Representation: Access for Perception. Invite students to examine a meter stick, and identify correspondences between this and the number line: One centimeter is one-hundredth of a meter and ten centimeters is one-tenth of a meter (called a "decimeter"). Clearly mark decimeters on the meter stick, and invite students to come back to reference this concrete representation as they work on the task. Supports accessibility for: Conceptual Processing, Visual-Spatial Processing
Launch
Groups of 2
Consider asking students some of these questions:
“¿Qué saben sobre 1 décimo? ¿Y sobre 1 centésimo?” // “What do you know about 1 tenth? What about 1 hundredth?”
“¿Cuál es mayor: 1 décimo o 1 centésimo?” // “Which is greater: 1 tenth or 1 hundredth?”
“¿Cuántos centésimos hay en 1 décimo?” // “How many hundredths are in 1 tenth?”
Activity
“Trabajen individualmente durante 5 minutos. Luego, compartan sus respuestas con su compañero” // “Work independently on the activity for 5 minutes. Then share your responses with your partner.”
5 minutes: independent work time
2–3 minutes: partner discussion
Completa cada fila de la tabla con décimos o centésimos para que queden fracciones equivalentes. En la última fila, escribe una nueva pareja de fracciones equivalentes.
décimos
centésimos
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
Menciona algunas fracciones que estén:
entre y
entre y
Student Response
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Advancing Student Thinking
Activity Synthesis
Select students to share their responses and their reasoning for the first set of problems. Display or record their responses.
Discuss the fraction and what students wrote for its equivalent in tenths.
Invite students to share the fractions they thought of for the last set of problems. Focus the discussion on how they know what fractions are between and .
If not mentioned in students' explanations, ask: “¿Se podría expresar ese número en décimos? ¿Por qué sí o por qué no?” // “Could that number be expressed in tenths? Why or why not?” (No, because there is not a whole number between 3 and 4.)
Highlight explanations that show how expressing the and in hundredths would allow us to name the fractions between these given two fractions.
Activity 2
Standards Alignment
Building On
4.NF.A.1
Explain why a fraction is equivalent to a fraction by using visual fraction models, with attention to how the number and size of the parts differ even though the two fractions themselves are the same size. Use this principle to recognize and generate equivalent fractions.
In this activity, students use jumps on number lines to visualize addition of tenths and hundredths and to find the values of such sums. Using diagrams helps to reinforce the relative sizes of tenths and hundredths. It provides a visual reminder that all tenths can be expressed in terms of hundredths, and that some hundredths can be written in tenths, which can in turn help with addition of these fractions.
This is the first activity in which students write expressions and equations to represent sums of fractions with different denominators. Initially, students will likely find it helpful to write equivalent fractions in the same denominator. Later, as students become more fluent in expressing tenths in hundredths and vice versa, they may perform the rewriting mentally rather than on paper. When students create and compare their own representations for the context, they reason abstractly and quantitatively (MP2).
MLR1 Stronger and Clearer Each Time. Synthesis: Before the whole-class discussion, give students time to meet with 2–3 partners to share and get feedback on their response to ”the total distance Noah has walked.” Invite listeners to ask questions, to press for details and to suggest mathematical language. Give students 2–3 minutes to revise their written explanation based on the feedback they receive. Advances: Writing, Speaking, Listening
Launch
Groups of 2
Ask students what they know about kilometers.
If not mentioned by students, explain that, just like the mile (which may be more familiar), it is a unit of length, used to measure long distances.
If students wonder how it is related to meter, explain that 1 kilometer is 1,000 meters. (Kilometers will be explored more closely in a future unit.)
Activity
“En silencio, trabajen unos minutos en los dos primeros problemas. Luego, compartan sus respuestas con su compañero” // “Take a few quiet minutes to work on the first two problems. Then share your responses with your partner.”
5 minutes: independent work time
2 minutes: partner discussion
Monitor for the ways students think about the total distance Noah has walked (third problem) given a fraction in tenths and a fracction in hundredths.
“Ahora encuentren los valores de las sumas del último problema” // “Now find the values of the sums in the last problem.”
5 minutes: independent or partner work time
Noah camina de kilómetro (km). Se detiene a tomar agua. Camina de kilómetro y se detiene otra vez a tomar agua.
¿Cuál diagrama de recta numérica representa la distancia que Noah caminó? Explica cómo lo sabes.
El diagrama que no escogiste representa lo que Jada caminó. Escribe una ecuación que represente:
la distancia total que Jada caminó
la distancia total que Noah caminó
Encuentra el valor de cada una de las siguientes sumas. Muestra tu razonamiento. Usa rectas numéricas si piensas que te pueden ayudar.
Activity Synthesis
Invite students to share how they know which diagram represents Noah’s walk and their equations for the distances Noah and Jada walked.
Given the number-line diagram for support, students are likely to write . Discuss why this is true.
“¿Cómo saben que la suma de y es ?” // “How do you know that the sum of and is ?”
Highlight that is equivalent to , and another makes .
Consider displaying a number line that is partitioned into tenths and hundredths and shows as .
Lesson Synthesis
“Hoy aprendimos a encontrar la suma de décimos y centésimos. Usamos lo que sabemos sobre fracciones equivalentes y lo que sabemos sobre sumar fracciones que tienen el mismo denominador” // “Today we learned to find the sum of tenths and hundredths. We used what we know about equivalent fractions and what we know about adding fractions with the same denominator.”
“¿Cómo encontramos las sumas de décimos y centésimos cuando los denominadores son diferentes?” // “How do we find the sums of tenths and hundredths when the denominators are different?” (Either think about tenths in terms of hundredths or hundredths in terms of tenths. Then add them together.)
Discuss the last two sums: and .
“En cada caso, ¿cómo sabemos si debemos reescribir los décimos como centésimos o los centésimos como décimos?” // “In each case, how do we know whether to rewrite the tenths as hundredths, or the hundredths as tenths?” (Sample response: For , either way works. is equivalent to and is equivalent to . For , we’d write in hundredths, because is equivalent to but has no equivalent in tenths.)
Standards Alignment
Building On
Addressing
4.NF.A.1
Explain why a fraction is equivalent to a fraction by using visual fraction models, with attention to how the number and size of the parts differ even though the two fractions themselves are the same size. Use this principle to recognize and generate equivalent fractions.
Compare two fractions with different numerators and different denominators, e.g., by creating common denominators or numerators, or by comparing to a benchmark fraction such as 1/2. Recognize that comparisons are valid only when the two fractions refer to the same whole. Record the results of comparisons with symbols , =, or , and justify the conclusions, e.g., by using a visual fraction model.
Express a fraction with denominator 10 as an equivalent fraction with denominator 100, and use this technique to add two fractions with respective denominators 10 and 100.Students who can generate equivalent fractions can develop strategies for adding fractions with unlike denominators in general. But addition and subtraction with unlike denominators in general is not a requirement at this grade.For example, express as , and add .
Compare two fractions with different numerators and different denominators, e.g., by creating common denominators or numerators, or by comparing to a benchmark fraction such as 1/2. Recognize that comparisons are valid only when the two fractions refer to the same whole. Record the results of comparisons with symbols , =, or , and justify the conclusions, e.g., by using a visual fraction model.
Express a fraction with denominator 10 as an equivalent fraction with denominator 100, and use this technique to add two fractions with respective denominators 10 and 100.Students who can generate equivalent fractions can develop strategies for adding fractions with unlike denominators in general. But addition and subtraction with unlike denominators in general is not a requirement at this grade.For example, express as , and add .